The Casimir force between two metallic plates is affected by their roughnessstate. This effect is usually calculated through the so-called `proximity forceapproximation' which is only valid for small enough wavevectors in the spectrumof the roughness profile. We introduce here a more general description with awavevector-dependent roughness sensitivity of the Casimir effect. Since theproximity force approximation underestimates the effect, a measurement of theroughness spectrum is needed to achieve the desired level of accuracy in thetheory-experiment comparison.
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